8.0
HARVESTING EQUIPMENT
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8.1 CHOPPER |
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Features:
Chopper is a simple harvesting hand tool, which consists of a blade,
tang and a handle. The cutting edge is slightly curved (convex)
along the cutting edge to facilitate the cutting. The blade is
joined to the handle by inserting its tang. The blade is forged to
knife section and cutting edge sharpened. The blade is important
part of the tool and is made from medium carbon steel, high carbon
steel, manganese steel or alloy steel including tool steel. The
cutting edge is hardened and tempered to suitable hardness to resist
wear and abrasion. The tool made from tool steel and alloy steel has
more service life as compared to the plain carbon steel blade. The
blade should have property of toughness to resist the impact
stresses. The handle is made of wood and shaped to suitable
handgrip. For operation, the blade is struck hard against the stem
with one hand and the cutting is accomplished by the impact action
and sliding of the blade along the stem. The shape and size of the
chopper varies from place to place and its use. |
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Specifications:
Overall length (mm)
Length of cutting edge (mm)
Width of cutting blade (mm)
Thickness of blade (mm)
Length of handle (mm)
Weight (g)
Hardness of blade |
: 285 -475
: 160 -260
: 55 -80
: 4, tapered to cutting edge
: 115-225
: 450 -500
: 37 -46 HRC |
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Uses:
For harvesting of pineapple, coconut, banana stem. It is also used
for splitting of the coconut and cutting the twigs and small
branches.
Cost of Machine :
Rs 200/-
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8.2
CARDAMOM KNIFE
Local Name: Elaichi kala |
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Features:
The tool is mostly used in cardamom cultivation. It consists of
curved tip blade and handle. The blade is made of square section
rod, flattened at the tip and the tip is made to hook shape. Both
convex and concave sides of the tip are sharpened. The convex side
is sometimes serrated for easy cutting of the cardamom plants and
pods. The blade is made from old leaf spring steel, mild steel flat
or angle section and forged to shape. The tang is inserted in the
wooden handle. The tool is used by pulling or pushing section. |
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Specifications:
Raw materials used
Blade Handle
Dimensions of blade
Length x Width x Thickness (rnrn)
Dimensions of handle
Diameter (mm)
Length (mm)
Angle between blade and handle (degrees)
Weight (kg) |
: Leaf spring steel, mild steel flat
: Wood
: 150-180 x 10-15 x 4-5
: 20-30
: 150-200
: 180
: 0.10-0.20 |
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Uses:
The tool is used for harvesting cardamom fruits and cutting old
cardamom plants.
Cost of Machine :
Rs 200/-
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8.3 BHENDI PLUCKER |
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Features:
The tool is ergonomically designed. The plucker consists of two
arms hinged together, cutting blades joined to open ends of arms
and two rings joined to the arms. The blades are made of medium
carbon steel or low alloy steel, hardened and tempered to suitable
hardness. Panicles are cut individually using this tool. The
operator is spared of drudgery, discomfort and itching to skin of
his hands, which are associated with conventional method of manual
plucking without any aid. It fits in to the hand properly with the
help of two rings, one over thumb and another over index finger.
Force to cut the penicle is exerted by pressing these two fingers
against each other. Penicle is sheared between two straight
blades, one of which is notched for better grip. |
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Specifications:
Length (mm) :
Width (mm) :
Weight (kg) :
Capacity (kg/day) |
: 140
: 95
: 0.15
: 50
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Uses:
It is used for plucking of bhindi (ladies finger) from plant.
Cost of Machine :
Rs 100/-
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8.4 RUBBER TAPPING AND DRAINING KNIFE
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Features:
The
tool consists of a V-shaped, front edged blade, fixed to a wooden
handle with the help of tang and ferrule. The blade is made from
high carbon steel, tool steel or alloy steel. The cutting edge is
heat treated and hardened to a suitable hardness. The ferrule is
made of mild steel and chrome plated to avoid oxidation. For
tapping of the rubber fluid from the rubber trees, the V -shaped
front edge, which is a cutting edge, is used to inflict a cut a
groove on the tree trunk through which the rubber fluid slowly
flows out. The groove acts like a channel and opens the latex
cells and thus allows tapping and draining of the latex. A tin is
placed at the end of groove or channel for the collection of the
tapped fluid latex. Formation of the groove is due to the
scratching and shearing action of the tool head. The blade is made
from carbon steel and is heat-treated to obtain a hardness of
30-45 HRC. |
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Specifications:
Overall length (mm)
Weight (g)
Cutting blade
Handle |
: 300
: 250
: V-shaped, made from carbon steel, tool steel or alloy
steel
: Wooden
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Uses:
This
tool is used for tapping fluid from rubber trees.
Cost
of Machine :
Rs 300 - 400/-
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8.5 COCONUT TREE CLIMBER
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Features:
It is a manual climbing device for trees belonging to ‘arecacea’
family such as coconut, areca-nut, palm and for fruit harvesting.
It is a simple, safe, easy to use climbing device for any
tree and by any person, cutting down the climbing time to 1-2
minutes for a 40 m tall tree as against 4-5 minutes as
conventionally required.
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Specification:
Material of construction
Weight (kg)
Input
Output
Man power required |
: Mild steel, steel rope(steel wires of 19 strings – as a rope)
and rubber pad.
: 5
: Muscular power
: 40m in 1-2 min
: 1 person |
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Uses:
The device is used to climb coconut trees to pluck the coconuts.
Cost
of Machine :
Rs 800 - 1000
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8.6 TAPIOCA HARVESTER |
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Features:
The tapioca harvester consists of a mainframe with three-point
hitch system, shank with depth adjustment and digging blade with
pegs. It has provision for adding dead weight on the main frame
for penetration of blade in hard soils. The shank is made up of
mild steel and the digger blade is attached to it. Provision has
been made for changing the depth of digging, according to the
tube geometry and moisture condition of the soil. The digging
blade is trapezoidal in shape and is made of 13mm thick mild
steel plate. Five pegs are provided at the front end of
trapezoidal digging blade for easy penetration into the soil and
reduce the draft requirement of the unit. Before digging
operation, the base cutting and removal of the plant is carried
out.
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Specifications:
Length (mm)
Breath (mm)
Height (mm)
Type
Width. of the digger (cm)
Number of rows
Capacity (ha/day)
Power requirement (hp/kW)
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: 1520
: 650
: 1260
: Mounted type
: 68
: one
: 1.6
: 35 -45 |
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Uses:
For
harvesting of tapioca tubers.
Cost
of Machine :
Rs 20,000 – 25,000/-
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8.7 TEA LEAF PLUCKING
MACHINE
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Features:
It consists of a cutter bar, engine, two handles, bag, blower
clutch and brakes. It is used for cutting tea leafs. It has high
harvesting capacity due to longer cutter bar and cost of
plucking is also low. It is suitable for stiffing operation by
changing the cutter bar. It has self sharpening cutter bar for
longer life. |
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Specifications:
Cutter bar length(mm)
Cutter bar speed (rpm)
Harvesting capacity (ha/h)
Weight of the machine(kg)
Tea leaves collection
Prime Mover
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: 1200.
: 1800
: 0.12
: 17
: By air blast into an attached bag
: Fuel efficient, air cooled 2-stroke 40.6 c.c. capacity
petrol engine capable of developing 20 hp/ 15.0 kW at 7200rpm. |
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Uses:
It
is used to plucking the tea leaves.
Cost of Machine :
Rs 2,00,000
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8.8
TRACTOR
MOUNTED VERTICAL CONVEYOR REAPER
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Features:
The machine consists of reciprocating cutter bar assembly, seven
crop row dividers, two vertical conveyor belts fitted with lugs,
pressures springs, pulleys and gearbox for the power
transmission system. The crop row dividers are fitted in front
of the cutter bar assembly and the star wheels are mounted over
the crop row dividers. The machine is mounted in front of the
tractor and the power to the machine is given from tractor PTO
with the help of intermediate shaft running beneath the chassis
of the tractor and a coupling shaft. Height of the machine above
ground is controlled by tractor hydraulic with the help of
pulleys and steel ropes. The crop cut by the cutter bar is held
in a vertical position and delivered to one side of the machine
by lugged belt conveyors and is made to fall on the ground in
the form of a windrow perpendicular to the direction of movement
of machine. |
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Specifications:
Number and dia. of star wheel
Effective cutter bar width (mm)
Guard spacing (mm)
Cutter bar stroke length (mm)
Size of belt conveyer (cm)
Width of belt (mm)
Cutter bar length (mm)
Weight (kg)
Power source (hp/KW) |
: 7(270-282)
: 2000-2210
: 70-80
: 75-80
: 2-3 ply
: 55-60
: 1600-2010
: 197-350
: 35/24.5, tractor |
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Uses:
VCR are used for harvesting and windrowing of wheat and paddy
crops
Cost of Machine(Rs): 35,000
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8.9
SELF- PROPELLED RIDING TYPE VERTICAL CONVEYOR REAPER |
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Features:
It consists of crop row dividers, star wheels, cutter bar (76.2
mm), conveyor belt and wire spring etc The riding type vertical
conveyor reaper is a self-propelled unit in which the operator
rides on the machine. Drive is by means of two large pneumatic
wheels and steering is by rear idlers. The prime mover is a 6
hp/4.5 kW diesel engine. Convenient clutch, break, steering,
hydraulic system and simple power transmission are provided for
ease of operation... This reaper has two forward and one reverse
speed. It also cuts the crop and drops it in windrow on one side
of the field.
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Specifications:
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Height (mm)
Weight (kg)
Operating speed (km/h)
Total grain losses (%)
Field capacity (ha/h)
Fuel consumption (lit/h)
Field efficiency (%)
Labour requirement (man-h/ha)
Power Requirement(hp/kW) |
: 3185
: 1900
: 1450
: 1530
: 3.0-3.5
: 5.0-5.9
: 0.25-0.30
: 0.90-1.15
: 60-70
: 5-6
: 6/4.5, engine
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Uses:
It is suitable for harvesting rice, wheat, soybean and other
cereals and oilseeds.
Cost of Machine : Rs.1,20,000/-
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8.10 SELF-PROPELLED REAPER
BINDER |
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Features:
Reaper-Binder is a unique harvesting machine that reaps the crop
as well as binds it simultaneously with twine made of plastic or
jute. This Innovative mechanical machine ensures 100% recovery of
straw with negligible grain losses at a surprisingly low cost of
operation. This machine is mainly used for harvesting Wheat,
Paddy, Oats, Barley and other grain crops.
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Specifications:
Width of Cut(mm)
Height of Cut (mm)
Gear
Weight of Machine(kg)
Power Requirement (hp/kW)
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: 1216
: 30 to 50.
: 4 Forward & 1 Reverse
: 400.
: 10.2 / 7.5, - Diesel Engine
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Uses:
It can be used for harvesting and binding of grain crops of height
up to 85 to 110 cm in a single operation. It can harvest and bind1
acre of field in 1 hour, with consumption of 1 liter diesel only.
The cutter bar for harvesting Berseem, Mentha, Lucern, Paddy
stubbles and Other fodder crops can also be attached to the same
machine.
Cost of Machine : Rs.2,00,000/-
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8.11 TRACTOR MOUNTED
COMBINE HARVESTER
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Features:
The combine harvester consists of cutting unit, threshing unit
and cleaning and grain handling units. The cutting section
includes reel, cutter bar, an auger and a feeder conveyer.
Threshing section has threshing cylinder, concave and cylinder
beater. The cleaning section mainly consists of walker, chaffer
sieve, grain collection pan. The grain handling section consists
of a grain elevator and a discharge auger. The crop after being
cut is delivered to the cylinder and concave assembly through
feeder conveyor where it is threshed and the grains and straw is
separated in different sections. |
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Specifications:
Cutter bar length (mm)
Cutting height (mm)
Threshing drum diameter (mm)
Threshing drum speed (rpm)
Length of upper sieve (mm)
Width of upper sieve (mm)
Length of lower sieve (mm)
Width of lower sieve (mm)
Grain tank capacity (cubic meter)
Road speeds (km/h)
Weight (kg)
Power Source (hp/kW) |
; 4300
: 550-1250
: 605
: 540-1050
: 1240
: 1215
: 1240
: 1215
: 3.28
: 2 -11.4
: 8200
: 90-110/67.5-82.50, engine |
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Uses:
Combines are used for cutting, threshing and cleaning of cereal
and other crops in one operation.
Cost of Machine : Rs.12,00,000 – 14,00,000
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8.12 SELF-PROPELLED
COMBINE HARVESTER |
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Features;
The combine harvester consists of cutting unit, threshing unit and
cleaning and grain handling units. The cutting section includes
reel, cutter bar, an auger and a feeder conveyer. Threshing
section has threshing cylinder, concave and cylinder beater. The
cleaning section mainly consists of walker, chaffer sieve, grain
collection pan. The grain handling section consists of a grain
elevator and a discharge auger. The crop after being cut is
delivered to the cylinder and concave assembly through feeder
conveyor where it is threshed and the grains and straw is
separated in different sections. The grain can be directly loaded
into the trolley. |
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Specifications:
Cutter bar length (mm)
Cutting height (mm)
Threshing drum diameter (mm)
Threshing drum length (mm)
Threshing drum speed (rpm)
Length of upper sieve (mm)
Width of upper sieve (mm)
Length of lower sieve (mm)
Width of lower sieve (mm)
Grain tank capacity (cubic meter)
Road speeds (km/h)
Weight (kg)
Power Source (hp/kW) |
: 4300
: 550-1250
: 605
: 1240
: 540-1050
: 1240
: 1215
: 1240
: 1215
: 3.28
: 2 -11.4
: 8200
: 90-110, engine |
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Uses:
Combines are used for cutting, threshing and cleaning of cereal
and other crops in one operation .In Kerala track type
self-propelled combines are also in use for harvesting paddy
crop.
Cost of Machine : Rs.14-16 lakh
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