1.2 Assam
1.3
Manipur
1.4
Meghalaya
1.5 Mizoram
1.6 Nagaland
1.7 Tripura
1.1 Arunachal Pradesh
a) General Information:
Arunachal
Pradesh attained its statehood on 20th February 1987. Arunachal
Pradesh (Land of the
b)
Agro and Sub Agro-Climatic Zones
Arunachal
Pradesh lies in Eastern Himalayan zone of
India. Arunachal Pradesh has four sub agro- climatic
zones and four distinct agro-climatic zones and five river valleys: the Kameng, the Subansiri, the Siang, the Lohit and the Tirap.
c) Cropping Pattern
The soil and climatic
condition of the state offers an ideal condition for the production of a wide
variety of fruits and vegetables. In the valleys and foothills, tropical fruits
like pineapple, oranges and banana are produced, while in cold and high
altitude areas, temperate fruits like apple, peach, plum, etc. are grown.
Vegetables are grown in all areas, the plains, the foothills, in the valleys
and on the high hills. Besides fruits and vegetables, there are vast potential
for the cultivation of coffee and more tea in Arunachal
Pradesh.
d)
Scope of Farm Mechanization :
Arunachal Pradesh with a massive 94% rural population, is the largest state in the
1.2
a)
General Information:
The
gateway to the North-East,
Assam,
extending from 890 42I E longitude to 960 E longitude and 240 8I N latitudes to 280 2I N latitudes in the
gratitude is a North Eastern state
of India.
b)
Agro and Sub Agro-Climatic Zones
The
state is composed of plains and river valleys. It can be divided into three
principal regions:
1. The
2. The Barak valley in the south and
3. The Cachar hills that divide these two
regions.
c)
Cropping Pattern:
Out of 78,438 sq km area of the
d)
Scope of Farm Mechanization:
The total farm power available in the
state is 0.75 HP/ha. Most of the agriculture operations are performed by using
animate power sources. The stationery farm power sources, viz;
irrigation pump and electric motor are commonly used in irrigated area and use
of mechanical mobile farm power sources is negligible.
The availability of human power is
0.375 kW/ha., animal power 0.525 kW/ha and mechanical power is 0.20 kW/ha.
Since most of the farm operations in
a) General
Information
In 1972 the Government of India conferred
the status of a state to Manipur. Situated between latitudes 23.80oN
to 25.68oN and longitudes 93.03oE to 94.78oE,
Manipur covers a total geographical area of 22,327 Sq. Km. Of the total area,
about nine-tenths constitute the hills which surrounds the remaining one-tenth
valley. Manipur has a population of 2,388,634.
Of this total population, 58.9% live in the valley and the remaining
41.1% in the hilly region. The average annual rainfall on the plaetau and sub-plaetau region is
1,881mm. It is one of the
b) Agro and sub
agro-climatic zones
Manipur lies in Eastern Himalayan zone of India. In this zone most of the area is
covered by heavy terrain where methods of cultivation is different from the
plain area.
c) Cropping Pattern
Agriculture
is the main occupation of the people of Manipur and only 7.41 % area is under
cultivation. The zone is ideally suitable for growing horticultural crops viz.
Mango, Jack Fruit, Guava, Banana, Litchi, Citrus; Papaya, Pears, vegetables,
potato and tomato, Spices, Root & Tuber crops, Aromatic & Medicinal
plants, etc. Fruits like- Banana, Pineapple and Citrus etc. take a major share
in area and production. Among the vegetables, brinjal,
tomato, chillies, Cabbage, cauliflower and capsicum
hold great promise. Besides these crops,
Mushroom, Root & Tuber crops are also grown.
d) Scope of Farm Mechanization:
The total farm power available in the state
is 1.044 kW/ha. Most of the agricultural operations are performed by using
animate power sources. The stationery farm power sources, viz
irrigation pump and electric motor are commonly used in irrigated area and use
of mechanical mobile farm power sources is negligible. The availability of
human power shares 27% of total power , animal power
71% and mechanical power 1.9%. Since, most of the farm operations in Manipur
are done by using animal and human power, hence, there is great scope of
selective mechanizing in the state, where, small hand tools are being used
resulting in human drudgery. The seed bed preparation operations should be
mechanized by promoting animal drawn equipment. Improved animal drawn and
manual operated equipment like- M.B. plough, ridger,
blade harrow, puddler, leveller,
improved sickle, zero tillage seed drill, tubuler
maize sheller, rotary maize sheller
may be introduced in Manipur. Population of Power tiller may be increased in
plain area. Hand tools may be popularized as gender friendly equipment for
weeding, cleaning, etc. Pedal operated thresher may be popularized in hill area
for threshing paddy. Potato Planter, zero-till drill, strip-till drill,
vegetable transplanter, aero-blast sprayer, potato
planter, potato harvester, self-propelled reaper, multi-crop thresher etc
should be promoted in the state for plain area.
1.4 Meghalaya
a) General
Information:
Meghalaya emerged as a full-fledged state within
the union of
b) Agro and Sub
Agro-Climatic Zones
Meghalaya lies in Eastern Himalayan zone of India. The
state has vast potential for developing horticulture due to agro-climatic
variations, which offer much scope for the cultivation of temperate,
sub-tropical and tropical fruits and vegetables.
c) Cropping Pattern
Besides the major food crops of rice and maize, Meghalaya is known for its oranges (Khasi
Mandarin), pineapple, banana, jackfruits, temperate fruits like plums, peaches
and pears etc. The popular cash crops, which are traditionally cultivated,
include turmeric, ginger, black pepper, areca nut. Strawberry,
flowers, etc. are grown commerciality. Temperate zones of Meghalaya face
climatic barriers against agricultural growth. High soil erosion also reduces
fertility.
d) Scope
of Farm Mechanization :
Most of the agriculture operations are
performed by using animate power sources. Traditional tool and equipments are
common in the field of agriculture, despite of vast scope of improved gender
friendly hand tools for hilly region. The economy of the state is based on
agriculture. Jhum cultivation and Terrace farming are
the major patterns that the farmers employ to uplift agriculture in Meghalaya. In Jhum cultivation only hand tools are used such as spade, khurpi, sickle, dibbler, daw,grass slacer etc. Lands
are prepared by cutting down with the help of fawrah
or spade and sowing is done manually by dibbling. The average size of land
holding of Meghalaya is
a) General
Information:
Mizoram emerged as a full-fledged state within the union of
Agriculture in Mizoram is the primary sector of the state's economy.
Although, the rugged terrains are not very conducive to the cultivation of
crops, the even distribution of land, the fertile temperate soil facilitates
extensive jhum cultivation. A number of crops like
paddy, beans, cucumber, maize, arum, sesame, mustard and cotton are grown by
practicing jhum or shifting cultivation.
b)
Agro and Sub Agro-Climatic Zones
Mizoram lies in Eastern
Himalayan zone of India. The State’s topography is, by and large,
mountainous with precipitous slopes forming deep gorges culminating into
several streams and rivers.
c) Cropping
Pattern:
Paddy is one of the most important crops that is
cultivated in the state of Mizoram. Paddy is harvested
using primitive methods. After harvesting of paddy, the seeds are spread on the
round and threshed by trampling method. Threshers are not being used for
threshing. Besides paddy, crops like
sugarcane, cotton, tapioca, oilseeds, mustard, sesame, soybean and pulses like cowpea, french and rice beans also
contribute towards the economy of Mizoram.
Horticulture also adds substantially to the state's economy. There are a couple
of imminent irrigation projects that are coming up in Mat valley, Champhai and
d) Scope of Farm Mechanization:
The average size of land
holding is
1.6
Nagaland
a) General Information:
In January 1961 the Government of India
conferred the status of a state to Nagaland, but, the
state of Nagaland was officially inaugurated on
December 1st, 1963. Nagaland is a vibrant
hill state located in the extreme North Eastern end of India, bounded by Assam
to the west, Arunachal Pradesh and part of Assam
to the north, Burma to the east and Manipur to the south. It lies at 930020I E to 95 015I E longitude and 250 6I N to 260
4I N latitude. The population of Nagaland
is 1.99 million according to 2001 census. The sex ratio of Nagaland,
900 females to 1000 males is lower than the national average of 933. The
state of Nagaland has an area of 16579 sq. km making
it as one of the smallest states of
b) Agro and sub agro-climatic zones
Nagaland lies in Eastern Himalayan zone of India. In this zone most of the area is
covered by hilly difficult
terrain where methods of cultivation are different from the plain
area.
c) Cropping Pattern
Out
of the net area of 16,579 sq. km, only 20 % is occupied by paddy cultivation in
Nagaland. The zone is ideally suitable for growing crops like coffee, tea and cardamom. Potato and sugarcane
are the two prime cash crops that generate revenue for the Nagaland
economy. Many vegetables
are grown by the peasants of Nagaland
such as, carrots, chillies, onion, melon, spinach
leaf, cucumber, brinjal, tomatoes and mustard.
d) Scope of Farm Mechanization:
The total farm power available in the
state is 0.336 kW/ha against required power 1.5 kW/ha. Most of the agriculture
operations are performed by using animate power sources. The stationary farm
power sources, viz irrigation pump and electric motor
are commonly used in irrigated area and use of mechanical mobile farm power
sources is negligible. The availability of human power is 53.1 %., animal power
45.9 % and mechanical power is 1.0 %. Since most of the farm operations in Nagaland are done using animal power hence, there is great
scope of selective mechanizing in the tribal belt where small hand tools are
being used resulting in human drudgery. The seed bed preparation operations
should be mechanized by promoting animal drawn equipment as well as power
operated implements. Ridger plough, disc harrow and
improved bakhar blade may be introduced for land
preparation and improved sickle for harvesting and tubular maize sheller for shelling. In irrigated areas,
animal drawn M.B. Plough, disc harrow. Animal drawn ridger,
animal drawn Blade harrow, animal drawn puddler,
manual rice transplanter, manual rice seeder, animal
drawn three tyne cultivator, animal drawn seed cum
fertilizer and Potato Planter, zero-till drill, strip-till drill, vegetable transplanter, aero-blast sprayer, potato planter, potato
harvester, self-propelled vertical conveyor reaper, multi-crop thresher etc
should be promoted in the state.
1.7 Tripura
a)
General Information:
Tripura was given the status of a separate
state of the Indian Union on 21st, January 1972. Tripura
is the third smallest state of the country. The state extends between 22° 56' N
& 24° 32' N and 90° 09' E & 92° 10' E. The amount of total annual
rainfall in the state varies between 1500 mm to
b)
Agro and Sub Agro-Climatic Zones
The ICAR has categorized the Tripura under Agro climatic zones of Humid Eastern
Himalayan Region. The State of
c)
Cropping Pattern
The economy of Tripura
is primarily agrarian. The primary sector i.e. Agricultural contributes about
64% of total employment in the state and about 48% of the State Domestic
Product (SDP). A variety of Horticultural/ Plantation Crops are produced in Tripura like Pineapple, Oranges, Cashewnut,
Jackfruit, Coconut, Tea, Rubber, Forest , Plantations etc. There is ample scope
for increasing the area under such plantations as well as the productivity.
d) Scope of Farm Mechanisation:
The total farm power available in the
state is 0.99hp/ha which is quite low as compared to the national average. As
the farm power is limited, most of the agricultural operations are performed by
using animate power source. Engine and electric motors are rarely used in
irrigated area as a source of power. Since most of the farm operation are done using
manual power and in the hilly region by conventional hand tools, there is a great
scope of using improved type of hand tools in the field of agriculture. The
major crops grown in the state are: rice, ragi, jowar, maize, and pulses besides oilseeds and number of
cash crops. Cashew, coconut, areca nut, cardamom, chilies, cotton, sugarcane
and tobacco are among the other crops produced in the state. The seed bed
operation should be mechanized by introducing small size tractor and power
tiller as a source of farm power. For sowing seed, improved type of seed drill
and zero tillage seed drill may be used. For harvesting of paddy, self
propelled reapers and for threshing multi-crop thresher may be introduced. In
the hilly region, pedal operated thresher may be used. Harvesting of coconut and areca nut may be
mechanized by introducing coconut harvester (climber). For irrigated area
animal drawn M.B. Plough, disc harrow, bullock drawn puddler,
paddy seeder may be used. As potato is one of the major crop
in this area, potato cultivation should be mechanized by introducing potato
planter, potato digger cum elevator.
